资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
惠民生、谋创新、促开放——解读2023年我国关税调整方案****** 新华社北京12月29日电题:惠民生、谋创新、促开放——解读2023年我国关税调整方案 新华社记者申铖 关税是国家宏观调控的一项重要手段。每逢年末,我国会根据经济社会发展情况,对部分进出口商品的关税税率进行调整。经国务院批准,国务院关税税则委员会29日对外发布公告,明确了2023年我国关税调整方案。 接受新华社采访的专家和业内人士表示,此次调整降低了部分医疗产品、消费品、资源产品、原材料和零部件等多种商品进口关税,将进一步满足百姓生活、企业生产和社会发展需要,充分发挥关税作为国内国际双循环联结点的作用,以高水平对外开放助力构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展。 惠民生:调整部分医疗产品、消费品关税 更好满足百姓需求 聚焦民生关切运用关税杠杆,就能“撬动”更多好产品、好商品进入千家万户,进一步提升民生福祉、满足百姓需求。 根据公告,2023年1月1日起,我国将对1020项商品实施低于最惠国税率的进口暂定税率。 记者查阅公告附表发现,为保障人民健康,减轻患者经济负担,我国将对部分抗癌药原料、镇癌痛药品、抗新冠病毒药物原料等实施零关税,并将降低假牙、血管支架用原料、造影剂等医疗产品进口关税。 实际上,自2018年以来,我国已先后取消了第一批和第二批抗癌药、罕见病药原料药以及部分用于治疗哮喘的生物碱类药品的进口关税,降低了颅内取栓支架、人造关节等医疗器材的进口关税。 “围绕人民群众关注的药品和医疗器材,我国持续调整进口关税,有助于更好保障人民健康安全,更好实现‘病有所医’。”清华大学公共管理学院国际发展与全球治理研究所副所长高宇宁说。 近年来,中国大市场的巨大潜力持续释放,百姓对“全球好货”的需求不断增长。 此次发布的公告明确,2023年我国将降低婴幼儿食用的均化混合食品、冻蓝鳕鱼、腰果等食品,咖啡机、榨汁器、电吹风等小家电的进口关税。 “通俗地讲,就是让大家买得更方便、更便宜。”在高宇宁看来,降低这些消费品的进口关税,响应了人民对美好生活的需求,也有助于扩大对外开放、促进国内国际双循环顺畅联通。 谋创新:多项关税调整推动创新发展 提升产业链供应链韧性 促进先进制造业创新发展是此次关税调整的一大亮点。根据公告,2023年我国将降低铌酸锂、燃料电池所用的氧化铱、风力发电机所用的滚子轴承等商品进口关税。 据了解,铌酸锂是半导体生产材料,燃料电池所用的氧化铱是汽车行业所需的重要原材料,风力发电机所用的滚子轴承则是风电行业所需的零部件。 高宇宁表示,对这些重要的原材料、中间品及零部件降税,有利于引进先进技术和产品,激发企业创新活力,加快产业转型升级。 公告明确,2023年我国还将对钾肥、未锻轧钴实施零关税,并降低部分木材和纸制品、硼酸等商品进口关税。 在中国农业科学院农业信息研究所国际情报研究室主任张学彪看来,这些调整能够加强我国资源供应能力,有助于降低企业经营成本,支持企业更好在全球范围内配置资源,助力提升产业链供应链韧性。 此外,2023年7月1日起,我国还将对62项信息技术产品的最惠国税率实施第八步降税。调整后我国关税总水平将从7.4%降至7.3%。 2016年我国首次对《信息技术协定》扩围产品实施降税,至今已实施了七步降税。在业内人士看来,按照《信息技术协定》降低税率,可促进相关商品进口,有利于我国信息技术发展,促进国内相关行业和经济发展;也有利于全球高新技术发展,为经济全球化提供助力。 促开放:调整有关协定税率 推动构建高标准自贸区网络 党的二十大报告明确提出“推进高水平对外开放”,并作出一系列重要部署。“扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络”是其中的部署之一。 此次发布的公告明确,根据我国与有关国家或地区签署的自由贸易协定和优惠贸易安排,2023年将对19个协定项下、原产于29个国家或者地区的部分进口商品实施协定税率。 “这29个国家和地区,约覆盖我国对外贸易总额的近一半。可以说,我国对外贸易的‘朋友圈’越来越大,‘点赞’的朋友也越来越多。”高宇宁说。 其中,根据《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)有关规定以及协定对印度尼西亚生效情况,自2023年1月2日起,我国将对原产于印度尼西亚的部分进口商品实施RCEP协定税率。作为世界上人口数量最多、成员结构最多元、发展潜力最大的自贸区,RCEP建设将迈出新步伐。 此外,2023年将继续对44个与我国建交并完成换文手续的最不发达国家实施特惠税率,支持和帮助最不发达国家加快发展。 总体来看,调整有关协定税率等安排,将推动构建高标准自由贸易区网络,更好塑造国际合作和竞争新优势,提升国际循环质量和水平,践行互利共赢的开放战略,助力推进高水平对外开放。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |